硝化剂五氧化二氮的合成与放大

对五氧化二氮(N2O5)的特性、合成及放大方法进行了概括和分析。同时，结合我国硝化工业的现状，介绍了较为可行的工业化合成路线，以及国外的一些N205生产动态和装置。     

液体火箭爆炸地面推进剂残余量实验研究

为航天发射场安全技术文件的制定提供推进剂污染方面的数据，进行了四氧化二氮（N2O4）和偏二甲肼（UDMH）爆炸实验研究，获得了地面推进剂残余量和毒气扩散的实验测量数据，提出的液体火箭爆炸地面上推进剂污染范围和残余量等参数的计算公式可以用于工程估算。     

A straw-soil co-composting and evaluation for plant substrate in BLSS

Material closure is important for the establishment of Bioregenerative Life Support System, and many studies have focused on transforming candidate plant residues into plant culture medium. For the limitations of using wheat straw compost as substrate for plant cultivation, a straw-soil co-composting technique was studied. The changes of pH, C/N value, germination index, cellulose, lignin and so on were monitored during the co-composting process. The maturity was evaluated by the C/N value and the germination index. The result showed that after 45 days’ fermentation, the straw-soil final co-compost with inoculation (T1) became mature, while the co-compost without inoculation (T0) was not mature. In the plant culture test, the T1 substrate could satisfy the needs for lettuce’s growth, and the edible biomass yield of lettuce averaged 74.42 g pot⁻¹ at harvest. But the lettuces in T0 substrate showed stress symptoms and have not completed the growth cycle. Moreover, the results of nitrogen (N) transformation experiment showed that about 10.0% and 3.1% N were lost during the T1 co-composting and plant cultivation, respectively, 23.5% N was absorbed by lettuce, and 63.4% N remained in the T1 substrate after cultivation.     

N2O单组元微推力器高空模拟实验研究

在真空舱中进行了N2O单组元两种尺寸的微推力器的高空模拟试验研究,分析了微推力器设计参数对比冲等性能的影响。结果表明,两种尺寸微推力器的最大比冲分别为1.608 N.s/g和1.639 N.s/g,热损失、床载和床长对微推力器性能影响明显,存在最佳床载值、床载和床长的匹配。     

A feasibility study for the detection of the diurnal variation of tropospheric NO2 over Tokyo from a geostationary orbit

We have conducted a feasibility study for the geostationary monitoring of the diurnal variation of tropospheric NO₂ over Tokyo. Using NO₂ fields from a chemical transport model, synthetic spectra were created by a radiative transfer model, SCIATRAN, for summer and winter cases. We then performed a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) analysis to retrieve NO₂ slant column densities (SCDs), and after converting SCDs into vertical column densities (VCDs), we estimated the precision of the retrieved VCDs. The simulation showed that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ? 500 is needed to detect the diurnal variation and that SNR ? 1000 is needed to observe the local minimum occurring in the early afternoon (LT13–14) in summer. In winter, the detection of the diurnal variation during LT08–15 needs SNR ? 500, and SNR ? 1000 is needed if early morning (LT07) and early evening (LT16) are included. The currently discussed sensor specification for the Japanese geostationary satellite project, GMAP-Asia, which has a horizontal resolution of 10 km and a temporal resolution of 1hr, has demonstrated the performance of a precision of several percent, which is approximately corresponding to SNR = 1000–2000 during daytime and SNR ? 500 in the morning and evening. We also discuss possible biases caused by the temperature dependence of the absorption cross section utilized in the DOAS retrieval, and the effect of uncertainties of surface albedo and clouds on the estimation of precisions.     

氢-氮电弧加热推力器运行参数与性能

采用氢气和氮气的摩尔比r在1.0~2.0范围的混合气体作为推进剂,实时检测电弧加热推力器运行中的弧电流、弧电压、入口压力、真空室压力、质量流量和喷口温度等工作参数,研究了比功率、r和质量流量对推力器产生的推力、比冲和推力效率的影响。实验结果表明,同时增加混合气体的质量流量和r能有效提高推力器的推力;较高的r能获得高的比冲和效率,尤其是比冲随着r的提高明显地单调上升。     

核磁共振法测定四氧化二氮中相当水含量测量不确定度评定

讨论了自行建立的核磁共振法测定四氧化二氮中相当水含量测量不确定度的影响因素,并对各不确定度分量和测量结果的不确定度进行了评定。     

四氧化二氮与卫星贮箱材料的长期相容性研究

本文进行了N_2O_4与N_2O_4+1%NO两种介质与TC_4钛合金、304L不锈钢及二者焊件的长期相容性研究.实验中一方面对试件和介质进行了较为全面细致的检测与分析,得出了一级相容性数据,另一方面对浸泡后试件进行了XPS深度剖析,初步阐明了TC_4与304L的抗蚀机理.     

MMH/NTO双组元自燃推进剂反应机理简化

采用反应流分析结合灵敏度分析的简化方法,对MMH/NTO详细燃烧化学反应机理进行了简化,获得包含25个组分和43个基元反应的MMH/NTO简化反应动力学模型。并从着火延迟时间和燃烧火焰温度两方面,通过对比理论结果、详细机理和简化机理预测结果,在较宽范围参数内对简化机理进行了验证。验证结果表明简化机理和详细机理预测的MMH/NTO体系的着火延迟时间和燃烧火焰温度具有非常高的一致性,说明了简化反应机理的合理性。进而分析了初始温度、燃烧室压力、氧燃比对MMH/NTO体系的着火延迟时间和燃烧火焰温度的影响规律,MMH/NTO体系的着火特性对初温和燃烧室压力较为敏感,燃烧火焰温度则对氧燃比和燃烧室压力较为敏感。为后续发动机燃烧的CFD数值计算提供了准确的反应动力学模型。     

N_2O/C_3H_8点火器初步实验

为了研究氧化亚氮与丙烷的点火特性,首次提出了N2O/C3H8火炬式点火方案,设计、加工了点火器,并组建了点火实验系统,在不同的流量和余氧系数下进行了点火实验.结果表明:点火方案可行,喷嘴设计合理,雾化效果和余氧系数是决定点火器能否点燃的关键,余氧系数在0.222~0.321内点火器能可靠地被重复点燃并形成稳定的点火火炬.实验为N2O/C3H8点火器的进一步研究提供了参考,并为以后实现该点火器对发动机的成功点火奠定了基础.